Sunday, February 04, 2007

Date of Visit:________
MANAGEMENT OF THE SICK CHILD AGE 2 MONTHS UP TO 5 YEARS

§ Name:
§ Age:
§ Weight: __kg
§ Temperature: __ °C
§ ASK: What are the child’s problems?
Initial visit?
Follow-up vist?
CHECK FOR GENERAL DANGER SIGNS
§ Not able to drink or breastfeed
§ Vomits everything
§ Convulsion during illness
§ Lethargic or unconscious
§ Convulsing now


DOES THE CHILD HAVE COUGH OR DIFFICULT BREATHING?
§ For how long? __ Days
§ Count the breaths in on minute. __ breaths per minute. Fast breathing?
§ Look for chest indrawing
§ Look and listen for stridor
§ Look and listen for wheeze


DOES THE CHILD HAVE DIARRHOEA?
§ For how long? __ Days
§ Is there blood in the stools?
§ Look at the child’s general condition.Is the child:
o Lethargic and unconscious
o Restless or irritable
§ Look for sunken eyes.
§ Offer the child fluid. Is the child:
o Not able to drink or drinking poorly?
o Drinking eagerly, thirsty?
§ Skin tugor:Pinch the skin of the abdomen. Does it go back:
o Very slowly (longer than 2 seconds)?
o Slowly?

DOES THE CHILD HAVE FEVER? (by history/temperature 37.5°C or above)
§ For how long? __ Days
§ If more than 7 days, has fever been present every day?
§ Has child had measles within the last three months?

BSMP Positive / Negative / Not done / Falciparum / Vivax
§ Look or feel for stiff neck
§ Look for runny nose
Look for signs of MEASLES:
§ Generalized rash and
§ One of these: cough, runny nose, or red eyes

If the child has measles now or within the last 3 months:
§ Look for mouth ulcers .
§ If yes, are they deep or extensive?
§ Look for pus draining from the eye.
§ Look for clouding of the cornea


DOES THE CHILD HAVE EAR PROBLEM?
§ Is there ear pain?
§ Is there ear discharge?
§ If Yes, for how long? __ Days

§ Pain in ear when touched.
§ Look for pus draining from the ear.
§ Feel for tender swelling behind the ear.


THEN CHECK FOR MALNUTRITION AND ANAEMIA

§ Look for visible severe wasting.
§ Look for palmar pallor
o Severe palmar pallor? Some palmar pallor?
§ Look and feel for oedema of both feet.
§ Determine weight for age.
§ Very Low? Not Very Low?

CHECK THE CHILD’S IMMUNIZATION STATUS
ASSESS CHILD’S FEEDING if child has ANAEMIA OR VERY LOW WEIGHT or is less than 2 years old.
§ Do you breastfeed your child? Yes__ No__
o If Yes, how many times in 24 hours? __ times.
§ Do you breastfeed during the night? Yes__ No__
o If Yes, what food or fluids? _________
§ How many times per day? __ time. What do you use to feed the child? _________
§ If very low weight for age: How large are servings? _________Does the child receive his own serving? __ Who feeds the child and how? _________During the illness, has the child’s feeding changed? Yes__ No__
o If Yes, how?


ASSESS OTHER PROBLEMS:

2 comments:

Peter said...

Sze Ern: let's say in an osce station a child/infant comes to you with a history of fits with neck stiffness, how would you examine the child?

1.look for signs of dehydration...
2.look for non-blanching spots (bacterial meningitis- strep?)
3.shine light into eyes (pupils P.E.A.R.L. ; any photophobia? -"well you can shine from the side to see if the pt's sensitive to it. but in real life the ward is well lit and it would be significant")
4.specific tests: brudzinski sign and kernig's sign (get the pt to flex her neck,and for kernig's you raised the leg extending the knee joint on a flexed hip joint. )
5.and end the examination by auscultating the heart and lungs...

Unknown said...

think have to mention that you start with ABC first and then only go thru the examination systematically.
oh and the non-blanching rashes (petichae) are due to meningococcus.
for infants common community acquired bac meningitis is due to beta hemolytic strep, listeria monocytogens, and for a child <14, commonest cause are strep pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis, hemophilus influenza...
the auscultations not that important actually.
obs are more important...bp, respi rate and o2 sats, pulse rate and temp
But for completeness you do systems check